Description
Tradename:
Tegretol
Compound:
Each tablet contains:
Carbamazepine 200 mg
Auxiliary components:
colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil), potato starch, povidone K30, polysorbate 80, talc, magnesium stearate.
Properties:
An antiepileptic drug (dibenzazepine derivative), which also has a normothimic, antimanic, antidiuretic (in patients with diabetes insipidus) and analgesic (in patients with neuralgia) effect.
The mechanism of action is associated with the blockade of voltage-gated Na+ channels, which leads to stabilization of the neuronal membrane, inhibition of the occurrence of serial neuronal discharges and a decrease in synaptic conduction of impulses. Prevents the repeated formation of Na+-dependent action potentials in depolarized neurons. Reduces the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter amino acid glutamate, increases the reduced seizure threshold, etc. reduces the risk of developing an epileptic attack. Increases conductivity for K+, modulates voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, which can also determine the anticonvulsant effect of the drug. Corrects epileptic personality changes and, ultimately, increases the sociability of patients and promotes their social rehabilitation. It can be prescribed as the main therapeutic drug and in combination with other anticonvulsants. Effective for focal (partial) epileptic seizures (simple and complex), accompanied or not accompanied by secondary generalization, for generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures, as well as a combination of these types (usually ineffective for small seizures – petit mal, absence seizures and myoclonic seizures) .
Indications:
Epilepsy (excluding absence seizures, myoclonic or flaccid seizures) – partial seizures with complex and simple symptoms, primary and secondary generalized forms of seizures with tonic-clonic seizures, mixed forms of seizures (monotherapy or in combination with other anticonvulsants); idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis, idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, treatment of affective disorders, polydipsia and polyuria in diabetes insipidus, pain syndrome in diabetic polyneuropathy. Prevention of phasic affective disorders (manic-depressive psychosis, schizoaffective disorders, etc.).
Directions for use and dosage:
Inside, regardless of food intake, along with a small amount of liquid.
Epilepsy. Where possible, carbamazepine should be prescribed as monotherapy. Treatment begins with a small daily dose, which is subsequently slowly increased until the optimal effect is achieved.
The addition of carbamazepine to existing antiepileptic therapy should be carried out gradually, while the doses of the drugs used are not changed or, if necessary, adjusted.
For adults, the initial dose is 100-200 mg 1-2 times a day. Then the dose is slowly increased until the optimal therapeutic effect is achieved (usually 400 mg 2-3 times a day, maximum 1.6-2 g/day).
Children over 3 years old – at an initial dose of 20-60 mg/day. , gradually increasing by 20-60 mg every other day.
In children over 3 years old – at an initial dose of 100 mg/day. , the dose is increased gradually, every week by 100 mg. Maintenance doses: 10-20 mg/kg per day. (in several doses): for 4-5 years – 200-400 mg (in 1-2 doses), 6-10 years – 400-600 mg (in 2-3 doses), for 11-15 years – 600-1000 mg (in 2-3 doses).
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to carbamazepine and chemically similar drugs (tricyclic antidepressants) or to any other component of the drug, acute intermittent porphyria (including history), concomitant use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (hereinafter referred to as MAO inhibitors) and within 2 weeks after them withdrawal, bone marrow hematopoiesis disorders, atrioventricular block, pregnancy and lactation.
Carefully. Dilution hyponatremia, old age, alcohol intake, suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis due to medications (history); prostatic hyperplasia, increased intraocular pressure, severe heart failure, liver failure, chronic renal failure.
Precautionary measures:
Before starting treatment, it is necessary to conduct a general blood test (including platelet and reticulocyte counts), a general urinalysis, and determine the level of iron, concentrations of electrolytes and urea in the blood serum. Subsequently, these indicators should be monitored weekly during the first month of treatment and then monthly. When prescribed to patients with increased intraocular pressure, periodic monitoring is necessary. Non-progressive asymptomatic leukopenia does not require discontinuation, however, treatment should be stopped if progressive leukopenia appears
